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Rev. biol. trop ; 58(supl.1): 95-106, May 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-637957

ABSTRACT

Since 1998 the National Monitoring System for the Coral Reefs of Colombia (SIMAC) has monitored the occurrence of coral bleaching and diseases in some Colombian coral reefs (permanent stations at San Andres Island, Rosario Islands, Tayrona, San Bernardo Islands and Urabá). The main purpose is to evaluate their health status and to understand the factors that have been contributing to their decline. To estimate these occurrences, annual surveys in 126 permanent belt transects (10x2m) with different depth intervals (3-6 meters, 9-12 meters and 15-18 meters) are performed at all reef sites. Data from the 1998-2004 period, revealed that San Andrés Island had many colonies with diseases (38.9 colonies/m2), and Urabá had high numbers with bleaching (54.4 colonies/m2). Of the seven reported coral diseases studied, Dark Spots Disease (DSD), and White Plague Disease (WPD) were noteworthy because they occurred in all Caribbean monitored sites, and because of their high interannual infection incidence. Thirty five species of scleractinian corals were affected by at least one disease and a high incidence of coral diseases on the main reef builders is documented. Bleaching was present in 34 species. During the whole monitoring period, Agaricia agaricites and Siderastrea siderea were the species most severely affected by DSD and bleaching, respectively. Diseases on species such as Agaricia fragilis, A.grahamae, A. humilis, Diploria clivosa, Eusmilia fastigiata, Millepora complanata, and Mycetophyllia aliciae are recorded for first time in Colombia. We present bleaching and disease incidences, kinds of diseases, coral species affected, reef localities studied, depth intervals of surveys, and temporal (years) variation for each geographic area. This variation makes difficult to clearly determine defined patterns or general trends for monitored reefs. This is the first long-term study of coral diseases and bleaching in the Southwestern Caribbean, and one of the few long term monitoring studies on coral diseases worldwide. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (Suppl. 1): 95-106. Epub 2010 May 01.


Desde 1998 el "Sistema Nacional de Monitoreo de Arrecifes Coralinos de Colombia" SIMAC, ha observado la ocurrencia de enfermedades coralinas y blanqueamiento en arrecifes colombianos (estaciones fijas en la Isla de San Tayrona, Islas del Rosario, Islas de San Bernardo y Urabá Chocoano). Para estimar la ocurrencia se ha examinado anualmente un total de 126 bandas permanentes (10x2m), dispuestas en diferentes rangos de profundidad en las áreas arrecifales objeto de estudio. El análisis de la información obtenida entre 1998 y el 2004 revela que San Andrés presenta altos promedios de colonias enfermas (38.9 colonias/100m2) y que Urabá exhibe ésta condición para el blanqueamiento (54.4 colonias/100m2). Del total de siete enfermedades detectadas, se destacan por su presencia en todas las áreas y la ocurrencia interanual, los Lunares Oscuros (DSD) y la Plaga Blanca (WPD). Un total de 35 especies de corales pétreos fueron registradas con al menos una enfermedad y se encontró una alta ocurrencia de enfermedades en las principales especies formadoras de arrecifes. El blanqueamiento se halló presente en 34 especies. Mientras WPD se halló en más especies (33), la DSD se registró un mayor número de veces. Agaricia agaricites fue la especie con mayor número de registros de DSD; por otra parte Siderastrea siderea fue vista un mayor número de veces con signos de blanqueamiento. Especies como Agaricia fragilis, A.grahamae, A. humilis, Diploria clivosa, Eusmilia fastigiata, Millepora complanata, Mycetophyllia aliciae y Siderastrea radians son registradas por primera vez con presencia de enfermedades en Colombia. Cada área geográfica presentó variaciones espaciales (localidades, rangos de profundidad) y temporales (años) en cuanto a las prevalencias, tipos de enfermedades y especies de corales afectadas, que dificultan determinar patrones claramente definidos o tendencias generales para los arrecifes evaluados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anthozoa , Coral Reefs , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Animal Diseases/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology
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